INSIDER
A disturbance that emerged off the coastal Carolinas on Sunday is expected to swing across Florida and into the Gulf by mid-week, where models suggest it could slowly develop as it scrapes across the northern Gulf Coast.
Big outbreaks of Saharan dust – tens of millions of tons of mineral dust hoisted from the sands of North Africa into the Atlantic each hurricane season – typically peak around this time each year.
On Wednesday, some of the nation’s top hurricane scientists joined House Democrats for a virtual press conference to sound the alarm on proposed budget cuts that would severely degrade hurricane monitoring and forecasting.
The catastrophic flooding that ripped through parts of the Texas Hill Country along the Guadalupe River northwest of San Antonio during the predawn hours on July 4th quickly turned into an unspeakable tragedy, killing at least 82 people, including 28 children.
We continue to monitor a weakening cold front now over the southeast U.S. that’s expected to stall over Florida by late week and could spin off a tropical depression or named storm by the weekend or early next week.
Only days after the U.S. Department of Defense abruptly announced the immediate termination of satellite data critical to hurricane forecasts – granted a moratorium early Monday through July – NOAA posted details of its 2026 budget request to Congress.
A stalled front across Florida’s peninsula later this week could spawn a tropical system over the northeastern Gulf or off the Southeast U.S. by the Fourth of July weekend.
The low-level cloud swirl spinning harmlessly over the open waters of the high Atlantic wasn’t much to look at on Tuesday but managed to muster up enough steam for NHC to briefly classify it Tropical Storm Andrea, the first named storm of the 2025 hurricane season.
July is a unique month in the Atlantic hurricane season. It can be a forgiving month for the U.S., a month when storms begin to form farther away, temporarily lessening the risk closer to home.
In less than 24 hours, Erick rapidly strengthened from a 65 mph tropical storm to a potentially catastrophic 145 mph Category 4 hurricane as it neared Mexico’s southwest coastline between Acapulco and Puerto Escondido.
Erick became the second hurricane of the eastern Pacific hurricane season early Wednesday and is forecast to rapidly strengthen before striking southwest Mexico on Thursday as a dangerous Category 2 or Category 3 hurricane.
As we’ve written in previous newsletters, the Atlantic’s seen several early season Saharan dust outbreaks, some of which have reached our skies stateside in South Florida. But exactly how unusual have the dust outbreaks been?
As we discussed in the daily newsletter last Thursday, the tropical Atlantic has undergone a major cooldown so far in 2025, from unprecedented warmth in 2023 and 2024 to now near-average conditions across the Atlantic Main Development Region or MDR.
Any homeowner that’s been through a flood knows that once is once too many. But for Brian Martin and his family, flooding has been a way of life since moving to the waterfront neighborhood of Shores Acres along the western edge of Tampa Bay.
The Atlantic hurricane season’s sluggish start will continue into the second week of the season, with no development expected through the work week.
To start last hurricane season, waters across the Atlantic Main Development Region or MDR – where most of our strongest hurricanes form during the peak months of the hurricane season – were experiencing chart-topping warmth.
It’s the opening week of the 183-day Atlantic hurricane season, which runs from June 1 through Nov. 30. The good news right off the bat: no development is expected for the first full week of the season.
On Thursday, the pioneers of seasonal hurricane forecasts released their first predictions of what the upcoming Atlantic hurricane season could hold.
Tropical Storm Sara formed Thursday afternoon just 50 miles east of Honduras, drifting slowly along the country’s northern coast on Friday, spreading torrential rainfall across not only Honduras, but through Belize, El Salvador, eastern Guatemala, western Nicaragua, and eastern portions of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula.
The disturbance we’ve been tracking through the Caribbean this week was upgraded to Tropical Depression Nineteen Thursday morning off the coast of northern Honduras.
A disturbance tracking south of Jamaica Wednesday morning – designated Invest 99L by the National Hurricane Center – is expected to organize into Tropical Storm Sara over the coming days and could strengthen into a powerful hurricane by this weekend as it hangs about off the coasts of Honduras and Nicaragua.
A significant late-season tropical system is poised to come together later this week and could strengthen into a formidable November hurricane by this weekend or early next week as it meanders in the western Caribbean.
With Rafael quickly spinning down over the Gulf of Mexico this weekend – its thunderstorm activity wiped clear by a slug of dry air and hostile wind shear – we’d hope the hurricane season would finally come to its senses and move into its traditional November hibernation, but the Caribbean has other plans.
Rafael re-strengthened overnight to a major Category 3 hurricane over the central Gulf of Mexico, becoming the farthest west a Category 3 or stronger hurricane has been observed during the month of November.
Rafael strengthened into a major Category 3 hurricane with 115 mph winds shortly before striking the southern coast of western Cuba at 4:15 PM ET Wednesday near Playa Majana in Artemisa Province.
Rafael took advantage of a deep reservoir of warm water south of Cuba to rapidly intensify since yesterday and is expected to be a major (Category 3) hurricane before striking western Cuba later today.
On Sunday, the National Hurricane Center initiated advisories on Potential Tropical Cyclone Eighteen, a tropical disturbance in the southwestern Caribbean forecast to develop into a named storm in the coming hours, possibly reaching hurricane status before impacting western Cuba by Wednesday.
The next storm in the Atlantic is likely to spin up over the weekend or early next week out of the Central American Gyre, or CAG, the semi-permanent, sprawling area of spin that straddles the land areas separating the eastern Pacific and the Caribbean Sea on the Atlantic side -- the same feature responsible for so many of our devastating hurricanes in 2024 -- including the likes of Milton and Helene.
Overnight computer models waffled on the outlook for a disturbance we’ve been following in the southwestern and central Caribbean, softening its development prospects and pushing back the development window into early next week.
We continue to follow the progress of a broad area of low pressure over the southwestern Caribbean that could consolidate into a tropical depression or named storm later this week as it drifts northward toward the central Caribbean.
As we detailed a week ago in this newsletter, the Caribbean is expected to make another run at tropical development later this week or into the weekend as we turn the calendar to November.
After a banner start to October that included 3 simultaneous hurricanes (Kirk, Leslie, and Milton) during its first week – a first in our record books for the month of October – with more activity packed into one month than we see in some Augusts and Septembers (traditionally our busiest months) combined, including the strongest hurricane in almost two decades (Milton), a devastating Florida hurricane hit and a surprise hurricane (Oscar) – the smallest we’ve ever measured – last weekend, the tropics are finally simmering down to end the month.
Since official Atlantic tropical cyclone recordkeeping began some 174 years ago, nearly 600 tropical storms or hurricanes have struck the mainland U.S. shoreline during all months of the year, except for January, March, April and December. Of those landfalling storms, only about a dozen struck during the month of November.
After taking a slow, horseshoe-shaped dip across eastern Cuba over the past 36 hours and dumping over a foot of heavy rain – causing pockets of significant flooding – poorly-organized Oscar is picking up the pace and accelerating through the southeastern Bahamas and toward the western Atlantic.
It’s not often we see a colossal failure in hurricane forecasting, but over the weekend the sudden formation of Hurricane Oscar on Saturday near the Turks and Caicos off the southeastern Bahamas was a reminder why we watch every system carefully, especially those close to land during the peak months of the hurricane season.
Two disturbances we’ve been tracking this week – one in the western Caribbean and the other passing just north of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands today – will bring the threat of heavy rainfall to Central America and the Greater Antilles but neither will be a concern for the mainland U.S.
Since Milton’s demise, we’ve seen no active tropical systems anywhere in the Atlantic, the longest stretch of inactivity in a month and before the historic run of late-season activity that included 6 named storms, of which 5 became hurricanes and 3 of those Category 3 or stronger, capped off by Category 5 Milton, the most intense hurricane in nearly two decades.
We continue to follow a disturbance dubbed Invest 94L tracking westward through the central Atlantic. Though not unheard of, the almost due-west course from the deep tropical Atlantic is an unusual trajectory for a system this late in the season, when developing systems most often turn quickly north and east once they’re in the vicinity of the Caribbean.
Back at the beginning of October, we discussed what we anticipated to be a formal transition to dry season across South Florida around the middle of the month. As we detailed, the eagerly-awaited switch from South Florida’s rainy season to dry season isn’t only a boon for us in South Florida but an important milestone for all Americans living at the head of hurricane alley.
Back around the traditional ramp up to the hurricane season peak in early September, lots was written about the hurricane season “bust” – alluding to what forecasters predicted to be one of the busiest hurricane seasons on record.
Only days after explosively strengthening into the most intense Gulf hurricane in nearly two decades, the eye of Hurricane Milton crossed west-central Florida’s coastline at Siesta Key near Sarasota – just 20 miles south of Tampa Bay – as a Category 3 hurricane with 120 mph winds around 8:30 p.m. local time Wednesday evening.
Hurricane Milton continued its dangerous trek as a Category 5 hurricane during the predawn hours Wednesday as it accelerated across the eastern Gulf toward Florida’s west coast.
Milton rapidly intensified into a Category 5 hurricane on Monday morning at a rate rarely seen and is on course to strike west-central Florida as one of the most impactful U.S. hurricanes in modern memory.
Hurricane Milton rapidly intensified Monday morning into a dangerous major hurricane over the southern Gulf of Mexico and is on track to deliver yet another devastating blow to the Sunshine State less than two weeks after Hurricane Helene ravaged parts of Florida’s west coast and sweeping Big Bend.
Tropical Storm Milton, formed on Saturday and strengthened into a hurricane Sunday before accelerating towards Florida’s west coast on Monday and Tuesday into Wednesday.
A broad area of low pressure and storminess we’ve been tracking over the Gulf of Mexico this week is expected to bring persistent rounds of heavy rain to much of the Florida peninsula – including across South Florida – beginning in earnest on Sunday and lasting through much of next week.
A broad area of low pressure and storminess we’ve been tracking over the Gulf of Mexico this week is expected to bring persistent rounds of heavy rain to much of the Florida peninsula – including across South Florida – beginning in earnest on Sunday and lasting through much of next week.
The broad area of storminess we’ve been monitoring in the Caribbean has begun to pivot northward into the Gulf of Mexico, where some slow development is possible by this weekend or early next week.
Another tropical system could form later this week over the northwestern Caribbean or Gulf of Mexico – in the vicinity of where Helene formed last week – and move toward the Gulf Coast for next weekend or early next week.
Storm surge records shattered along Florida’s Gulf Coast, with hurricane gusts and flash flood emergencies sweeping inland across the southeastern U.S.
Helene steadily strengthened into a Category 2 hurricane early Thursday morning and is poised to strike the northeastern Gulf coast tonight as a major hurricane, bringing catastrophic winds and storm surge into Florida’s Big Bend from east of Apalachicola to Florida’s Nature Coast, centered on Apalachee Bay.
Helene continued to steadily strengthen as it grazed the northeastern tip of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula Wednesday morning. The storm is on the cusp of becoming Hurricane Helene and is projected to deliver a devastating blow to Florida’s Gulf Coast tomorrow as a major hurricane.
Hurricane and storm surge watches were hoisted early Tuesday for a wide stretch of Florida’s Gulf Coast ahead of what’s forecast to be a major hurricane strike come late Thursday or early Friday.
Gov. Ron DeSantis has declared a state of emergency for 41 counties, including Monroe County, as an organizing cluster of storms over the western Caribbean is expected to gradually develop into a named storm over the next day or two and could quickly strengthen into a formidable hurricane.
A broad area of low pressure near the coast of Nicaragua today is expected to slowly organize this week and is likely to become a tropical depression or named storm by the middle of the week as it heads northward toward the U.S. Gulf Coast for Thursday into Friday.
Forecast models continue to advertise slow tropical development beginning next week across the northwestern Caribbean, with a system that could pivot into the southern Gulf of Mexico by the middle to latter part of the week.
On Thursday, the National Hurricane Center continued to raise the specter of tropical formation over the western Caribbean and southern Gulf of Mexico for the early to middle part of next week.
On the one hand, the hurricane season is on track to notably underdeliver on hyperactive seasonal forecasts – measured by overall tropical activity, not storm impacts – predicted by virtually all of the two dozen or so groups that issue such long-term forecasts, including NOAA, the parent agency of the National Weather Service.
A coastal storm has taken shape from a non-tropical area of low pressure attached to a dying cold front off the southeastern U.S., bringing heavy rains, coastal flooding, and tropical storm conditions (winds above 38 mph) to the Carolinas today.
It’s been an unexpected and unusual hurricane season. The season has produced 4 hurricanes so far, about what’s typical through middle September, but certainly below what we would’ve expected given the conditions going into this season and the historic seasonal forecasts.
Hurricane Francine made landfall in southern Louisiana on Wednesday evening as a 100 mph Category 2 hurricane, becoming the 7th hurricane to strike the state in 7 years and the first Louisiana hurricane landfall since Category 4 Ida struck in August 2021.
Francine strengthened into a hurricane by late Tuesday and continued to strengthen into the morning hours Wednesday over the northern Gulf of Mexico as it made its final approach to coastal Louisiana.
A large disturbance over the southwestern Gulf of Mexico is organizing and is expected to become Tropical Storm Francine later today as it sets its sights on the northwestern Gulf Coast.
As we’ve discussed in recent newsletters, the tropical struggles across the Atlantic only days removed from the hurricane season peak – especially in a season forecast to bring exceptional activity – feel more unusual with each passing day.
Fall officially arrived this month – at least the fall most important to meteorologists (astronomical fall begins later this month) – and although South Floridians still have to wait another month before feeling some relief, the hottest months of the year are at least behind us.
The theme of the past few weeks continues across the Atlantic with several systems struggling to gain footing as dry and sinking air quickly squashes organized storminess.
A tropical wave producing thunderstorms was strengthening on Saturday afternoon in the Caribbean, according to the National Hurricane Center Miami’s tropical weather outlook.
Two Atlantic systems that we spotlighted in Wednesday’s newsletter are gaining support for development next week as forecast models trend toward an active start to September.
If you follow our daily reading of the tea leaves, you know this time of year we don’t get many lucky breaks. We’ve been given a bonus cup of calm this week, but as we previewed in last Tuesday’s newsletter, things will begin to pick up again by this weekend as the calendar turns to September.
We don’t want to be the ones to tempt fate, or to jinx a good thing, but forecast models continue to advertise another strangely stormless week in the Atlantic, which could get us into early September without another tropical system.
We hit the ground running this hurricane season earlier than usual – with the earliest Category 5 hurricane on record and already two U.S. hurricane landfalls and one direct hurricane strike on Bermuda. Even if no other tropical systems form in the Atlantic for the next two weeks, we’ll still be running ahead of schedule for the year.
We all know how important warm waters are to hurricanes. The heat of the ocean is the power source of hurricanes and water temperature across the tropical Atlantic is the single biggest predictor of how active the hurricane season will be, especially by August when they explain a whopping 66% of the year-to-year difference in seasonal hurricane activity.
The large 100-mile-wide eye of Category 2 Hurricane Ernesto enveloped Bermuda around daybreak Saturday, bringing wind gusts as high as 109 mph to the archipelago and knocking out power to 75% of the island at its height.
Hurricane Ernesto continued to churn northward toward Bermuda on Friday, with its large, outer circulation bringing gusty winds already nearing tropical storm strength to parts of the archipelago on Friday morning.
A tropical disturbance we first alerted you to in this newsletter on Tuesday is poised to slowly develop as it nears the easternmost Caribbean islands next Monday into Tuesday.
Tropical Storm Debby’s hollowed out core – characterized by a wide, dry center nearly 60 miles across – is drifting eastward off the South Carolina coast this morning.
After moving ashore Florida’s Big Bend yesterday around daybreak as a Category 1 hurricane, Debby has crept through north Florida and southeast Georgia slower than most of us can run.
After lashing the west coast of Florida all day Sunday with gusty winds, tropical downpours, and damaging storm surge, the eye of Hurricane Debby came ashore around daybreak Monday near Steinhatchee in Florida’s Big Bend, only 9 miles southeast of where Category 3 Hurricane Idalia came ashore just 341 days ago.
Tropical Storm Debby, which formed Saturday afternoon, continues to strengthen this morning and is expected to become a hurricane before making landfall in Florida’s Big Bend tomorrow. Conditions will quickly deteriorate today along Florida’s Gulf Coast, with up to 10 feet of storm surge flooding possible into many of the same areas affected by Hurricane Idalia last August.
Late on Friday, the strong disturbance dubbed Potential Tropical Cyclone Four earlier in the day by the National Hurricane Center finally gained enough organization south of Cuba to be classified as a Tropical Depression. By Saturday morning, hurricane watches had been issued for Florida’s sweeping Big Bend, from just west of Apalachicola to near Crystal River.
On Thursday, the National Hurricane Center designated the strong tropical disturbance now moving across eastern Cuba Invest 97L, a procedural move that allowed NHC to begin running a specialized suite of computer models to better interpret its future strength and track.
In Wednesday morning’s newsletter, we discussed how the interplay between the robust tropical wave moving through the complex terrain of the northeastern Caribbean islands today and tomorrow would be crucial to its forecast this weekend.
